#include "headerA.incl"

Miscellaneous Newborn Care

#include "headerB1.incl"

See also:

Subsections on this page:



Resources



We feel very strongly that infants' hands and arms should never be swaddled downward. This is a very unnatural position. The preterm infant in the womb is in flexion much of the time and uses hands and arms to reach across midline, bring the hand and fingers to the mouth, suck on them, grasp and clasp hand to hand, and to the umbilical cord, grasp and holds onto the head, the shoulders, etc. etc. This all sets up neurosensory feedback loops that the immature nervous system counts on in order to mature the flexor-extensor balance and mutual inhibition and activation. Hands should always be free to reach the face and mouth and to mutually grasp one another. Hands and mouth are innervated from closely adjacent regions in somato-sensory cortex; and they function in complement and concert with one another.  The palmar grasp response elicits mouth opening (palmar mental grasp reflex) which activates and facilitates sucking. Primate newborns hold on effectively with hands feet and mouth to nipple to their mothers.

Flexion and rounded shoulders with midline mutual inhibition of over-activation and upset, supports breathing, sleep etc.

It is a prerequisite for successful feeding. When the hands become flaccid, sucking no longer should be initiated until tone has returned into the hands (and feet for that matter).

I trust this is helpful and validates your clinical sense and intuition.

Let me know if I may be of further assistance. Heidi

Heidelise Als, PhD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry (Psychology)
Harvard Medical School
Director, Neurobehavioral Infant and Child Studies
Children's Hospital Boston
Enders Pediatric Research Laboratories
320 Longwood Avenue, EN-107
Boston, MA 02115
Ph: 617-355-8249
Fax: 617-730-0224


HIDDEN CARCINOGENS IN BABY CARE PRODUCTS - The Organic Consumers Asosciation and Cancer Prevention Coalition joined together last week to inform consumers of these dangers while providing information about safe alternatives.


drgreene.com - caring for the next generation - Lots of answers to lots of questions.


Neonates in the Emergency Department - a comprehensive guide


I have used Physical Assessment of The Newborn by Ellen Tappero and Mary Ellen Honeyfield for years and been very satisfied.


I like that book too, but another book I have found very helpful is a little paperback, Primary Care of the Newborn by Henry M. Seidel, Beryl J. Rosenstein and Ambadas Pathak.   I like this book because it goes beyond examining the newborn and noting abnormalities.  It also discussed labs and treatments for certain conditions.  I have found this very helpful when discussing unusual problem with the parents.  Not that I make the diagnosis, but it gives us some basis for understanding and anticipating recommended treatments.



 Healing Babies With Respect – 3 Small Changes That Foster Confidence And Trust - Very young children, the ailing, and the elderly are the most vulnerable members of society, so it’s only logical that they should be treated with even more thoughtfulness and respect than those capable of expressing their needs or fending for themselves.

Evidence-based practices for the fetal to newborn transition.
Mercer JS, Erickson-Owens DA, Graves B, Haley MM.
J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007 May-Jun;52(3):262-72.

Many common care practices during labor, birth, and the immediate postpartum period impact the fetal to neonatal transition, including medication used during labor, suctioning protocols, strategies to prevent heat loss, umbilical cord clamping, and use of 100% oxygen for resuscitation. Many of the care practices used to assess and manage a newborn immediately after birth have not proven efficacious. No definitive outcomes have been obtained from studies on maternal analgesia effects on the newborn. Although immediate cord clamping is common practice, recent evidence from large randomized, controlled trials suggests that delayed cord clamping may protect the infant against anemia. Skin-to-skin care of the newborn after birth is recommended as the mainstay of newborn thermoregulation and care. Routine suctioning of infants at birth was not been found to be beneficial. Neither amnioinfusion, suctioning of meconium-stained babies after the birth of the head, nor intubation and suctioning of vigorous infants prevents meconium aspiration syndrome. The use of 100% oxygen at birth to resuscitate a newborn causes increased oxidative stress and does not appear to offer benefits over room air. This review of evidence on newborn care practices reveals that more often than not, less intervention is better. The recommendations support a gentle, physiologic birth and family-centered care of the newborn.

Introduction - The transition from fetus to newborn is a normal physiologic and developmental process -- one that has occurred since the beginning of the human race. Many hospital routines that are used to assess and manage newborns immediately after birth developed because of convenience, expediency, or habit, and have never been validated. Some practices are so ingrained that older traditional practices, such as providing skin-to-skin care or delaying cord clamping, must be considered "experimental" in current studies.[1] However, recent research is beginning to identify some older practices that should not have been abandoned and some current practices that should be stopped. In order to achieve a gentle, physiologic birth and family-centered care of the newborn, practices that might interfere with maternal and newborn bonding need to be closely scrutinized. This article examines the evidence about practices related to the newborn transition, including the effects of various drugs used labor, umbilical cord clamping, thermoregulation, suctioning, and resuscitation of the newborn.



Sleeping




Reduce the Risk of SIDS & Suffocation
- from the AAP - Place your baby to sleep in the same room where you sleep but not the same bed.

Do this for at least 6 months, but preferably up to 1 year of age. Room-sharing decreases the risk of SIDS by as much as 50%.


Badaboum Padded Sleep Sacks - babies love saques and baggies that allow them to feel their own skin-to-skin contact of their legs and feet; this helps them to be self calming and to sleep better.  New parents often find that clothes that don't go over the baby's head are easiest for a newborn.


Here are some lies people tell you about infant sleep


Avoid Stressful Sleep Training and Get the Sleep You Need [1/31/16] Psychology Today - You Can Survive the First Year Without Treating Your Baby Like a Rat



Cosleeping




Cosleeping and Biological Imperatives: Why Human Babies Do Not and Should Not Sleep Alone

By James J. McKenna Ph.D.
Edmund P. Joyce C.S.C. Chair in Anthropology
Director, Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory
University of Notre Dame
Author of Sleeping with Your Baby: A Parent’s Guide to Cosleeping


 
The No-Cry Sleep Solution for Newborns by Elizabeth Pantley

New midwife's recommendation for first-time parents:  Read THIS BOOK before the birth because if you don't, you probably won't have time to afterwards.  I especially appreciate the respect for the newborn and the emphasis on understanding what's going on from the baby's perspective.  The practical tips are tremendously helpful for parents and baby!


Co-Sleeping with Baby: Not a Black-and-White Issue

Safe Bed-Sharing; Do Childbirth Educators Have a Responsibility to Cover This Topic? from Science & Sensibility - Safe sleep information can be confusing for parents, often with mixed messages coming from their baby's health care provider, their social community, their family and even their childbirth educator.  When I ask during class where parents intend for their newborn to sleep, most are planning for their new babies to sleep in their own sleeping space in the parents' room.  When I inquire where the baby is actually sleeping when I attend the class reunions, normally held when the babies are between four and eight weeks old, the responses are mostly that babies are bed-sharing with the parents for all or some of the night.



Breastfeeding Medicine / Should the AAP Sleep Alone? - The advice to never sleep with your baby has backfired in the worst possible way. Rather than preventing deaths, this advice is probably even increasing deaths.


Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns from the AAP [August, 2016] - "If the mother is tired or sleepy, move the infant to a separate sleep surface (eg, side-car or bassinet) next to the mother’s bed."

Should the AAP Sleep Alone?
[Huffington Post, 4/14/14] - parents who try to avoid bed sharing with their infants are far more likely to feed their babies at night on chairs and couches in futile attempts to stay awake, which actually markedly increases their infants' risk of suffocation.

Safe Cosleeping Guidelines from the Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame.

They also offer more Articles and Essays Available for Download.



Newborn Cardiac Screen



This subsection has been moved to a section of its own--Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects (CCHD)



Vitamin A Supplementation at Birth



http://www.mercola.com/2003/aug/20/vitamin_a.htm

Vitamin A Reduces Newborn Deaths

It is known that vitamin A deficiency can lead to increased deaths in infants under 6 months of age. Researchers found that giving infants two doses of vitamin A (24,000 IU each dose) within 48 hours of birth significantly reduced early infant mortality. Newborn infants who received vitamin A had a 22 percent to 23 percent reduction in mortality during the first six months of life.

Researchers are uncertain why infants benefit from receiving a large dose of vitamin A shortly after birth, but suggest vitamin A may provide a stimulus to rapid maturation of both gut and lung lining. This matured lining may be more resistant to invasion by pathogens or may be able to clear such organisms more efficiently. [British Medical Journal August 2, 2003;327:254]


Well, stop and think  about this. Colostrum is *heavy* in vitamin A, 89 retinol equivalents per 100 ml.  It also has 364 mg of IgA in every 100 ml.

Breeders of animals know that if the baby animal doesn't get colostrum in the first hour, they "may as well knock it in the head" because it so much more likely to die and not do as well. Animal researchers have found that this is because the animal's lining to the intestines have larger holes for the first few hours.  This allows the nutrients and large immunoglobins to get directly into the system.  Of course, no one is going to do that kind of research on babies (please God, make that so).  But it stands to reason if the other mammals are like that, we are, too.

They said they gave the vitamin A in the first 48 hours.  I suspect it may have been even earlier.  They don't say whether or not the babes got colostrum and, if so, at what timing and for how long.


I think of colostrum (now called early breastmilk) as a sealant for the intestinal lining.  It makes sense that if the intestinal lining isn't sealed properly afer birth, it will be easier for germs to get into the bloodstream through the digestive tract.  This is especially dangerous to babies born in the germ-heavy institutional environments such as hospitals or hospital-based "birth centers".



Iron Supplementation




Your baby's needs for iron supplementation during the breastfeeding-only time will depend on a variety of health factors, including the mother's iron levels and general health, and whether the baby's umbilical cord was left intact for at least two minutes after birth.

Jack Newman has a little bit of information.

Kelly Mom has some good information about this.

However, she doesn't mention the critical issue of whether the baby's umbilical cord was cut prematurely.  When the cord is cut immediately after birth, the baby is deprived of up to 28% of the blood volume that nature intended. Most of this blood volume is meant to supply the iron that is stored in the baby's liver as a source of iron to support the baby's growth for the first six months.

This is just one reason why it is so very important to leave the umbilical cord intact for at least two minutes after birth; five minutes is better.

It's a pretty cool system, actually.  Iron in the gut increases intestinal infections, so nature intended that babies get an important stash of iron at birth so that breastmilk doesn't need to supply all of a baby's iron. Thus there are lower levels of iron in the gut and lower infection rates.

I have some relevant studies referenced in my section on Umbilical Cord Issues/Delayed Cord Clamping. The information about anemia is interspersed with other information.



In-Home Followup Newborn Care



See: Medical Necessity of In-Home Newborn Followup



Chiropractic Care for Babies and Children



See also: For Parents - How to Get the Best Care/How to Find Chiropractors


International Chiropractic Pediatric Association and referral directory.


Upper Cervical Trauma and the Birth Process by Peter N. Fysh.


Chiropractic for Children from the The World Chiropractic Alliance.


Chiropractic care for children from Family Forum Online



Bathing Baby



See also: Skin Flora
See also: Care of the Intact Penis



Host defense proteins in vernix caseosa and amniotic fluid.

Akinbi HT1, Narendran V, Pass AK, Markart P, Hoath SB.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;191(6):2090-6.

CONCLUSION: In the absence of chorioamnionitis, vernix and amniotic fluid contain an organized pool of antimicrobial peptides with a defined spectrum of bioactivity against common bacterial and fungal pathogens.



Here's Why Experts Say You Shouldn't Wash Your Baby After Birth BY REBECCA SHINNERS [5/18/16] - A wait of at least 24 hours is recommended — for a very good reason. [Ed: This talks about the benefits of vernix; there are also dangers to washing a newborn who's not able to stabilize their temperature yet. Often, their temperature drops, and the hospital staff wrongly believes that putting the baby under an electric warmer is more effective than having the baby cuddled up with mom. So the baby is kept in the nursery instead of being with mom.]


Here's Why Experts Say You Shouldn't Wash Your Baby After Birth - A wait of at least 24 hours is recommended — for a very good reason. - pneumonia and meningitis are among the diseases that these agents protect against.



Neonatal Skin: Back to Nature? - Leaving vernix on the newborn's skin is better for baby.

"Dr. Hoath and his colleagues at the Skin Sciences Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, have been studying the composition and properties of vernix and its role in adaptation of the neonate to the extrauterine, or dry, environment. Their research suggests that rather than being a soil, vernix is a natural skin cleanser. It may also be an anti-infective, an anti-oxidant, a moisturizer, and a wound-healing agent. Perhaps instead of rubbing vernix off of the newborn infant's skin, we should be rubbing it in![2]"

"World Health Organization guidelines for newborn care specify that vernix should not be removed from the skin of newborn infants and bathing should be delayed for at least 6 hours after birth."


After the baby's skin is colonized with the parents' skin flora, and breastfeeding is well established, you'll find it much easier to bathe baby using the beautifully designed Tummy Tub.

It's not always easy to find, but in 2007, it's available from Countless Kisses in Canada.


The effect of bather and location of first bath on maintaining thermal stability in newborns.
Medves JM, O'Brien B.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2004 Mar-Apr;33(2):175-82.

"Heat loss experienced by newborns during bathing is significant and is not associated with who bathes the newborn or where the bath takes place."


"Bathing of the newborn baby soon after birth causes a drop in temperature and is not necessary.

If cultural tradition demands bathing, this should not be carried out before 6 hours after birth and preferably the second or third day of life. The newborn should be healthy and its temperature normal.

from THERMAL PROTECTION OF THE NEWBORN: A SUMMARY GUIDE from the WHO.


Learning Baby's Language



See: Language Skills



Warming Baby/Skin-to-Skin Contact



In a Swedish study of eighty hypothermic newborns, 40 were placed in incubators and 40 were held skin-to-skin by their mothers. After four hours, 90 percent of the infants who had skin-to-skin contact had reached a normal body temperature while only 60 percent of the infants placed in incubators had done so. After 24 hours, temperatures of the incubated infants were slightly higher than those of the held infants, suggesting that incubated infants run a risk of becoming too warm and developing heat stress. Skin-to-skin contact also stabilizes heart and respiratory functions, according to the researchers. -The Lancet 1998, 352:1115

Randomised study of skin-to-skin versus incubator care for rewarming low-risk hypothermic neonates.
Christensson K, Bhat GJ, Amadi BC, Eriksson B, Hojer B.
Lancet. 1998 Oct 3;352(9134):1115.


Thermal protection of the newborn: a practical guide (from the World Health Organization - WHO)


Care in Normal Birth: A Practical Guide Report (from the World Health Organization - WHO) says:

Immediately after the birth the baby has to be dried with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. The baby's condition is assessed and the existence of a clear airway is ensured (if necessary) simultaneously. Maintaining the body temperature of the baby is important; newborn babies exposed to cold delivery rooms may experience marked drops in body temperature, and concurrent metabolic problems. A fall in infant temperature can be reduced by skin-to-skin contact between baby and mother.

Early skin-to skin contact between mother and baby is important for several other reasons. Psychologically it stimulates mother and baby to get acquainted with each other. After birth babies are colonized by bacteria; it is advantageous that they come into contact with their mothers' skin bacteria, and that they are not colonized by bacteria from caregivers or from a hospital. All these advantages are difficult to prove, but nevertheless they seem plausible. Early suckling/breast-feeding should be encouraged, within the first hour after birth (WHO/UNICEF 1989).



Kangaroo Care and Skin-To-Skin Contact



This section has been moved to Kangaroo Mother Care / Immediate Newborn Care



Newborn Hearing Screening



Tune in to Newborn Hearing Screening discusses the impact of undetected hearing loss in infants and children and presents recommendations for achieving the national Healthy People 2010 goal of hearing screening of 100% of newborns by age 1 month.


Screening for Newborn Hearing Loss from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)


Early Hearing Detection & Intervention (EHDI) Program from the CDC


Early Hearing Detection & Intervention Information & Resource Center from National Center for Hearing Assessment & Management (NCHAM)


Newborn Hearing Screening Technologies


Infants Tested for Hearing Loss --- United States, 1999--2001 - CDC report - "Benchmarks for the key components of the EHDI process include hearing screening before age 1 month, diagnostic audiologic evaluation before age 3 months for infants who do not pass the screening, and enrollment of infants identified with HL in early intervention services before age 6 months."


I agree that if a hearing screening done early in life has significant potential benefits and no risks, then it's a great idea.  However, I am concerned that there are risks involved in any procedure which separates a newborn from the mother.  The baby's mother serves as the baby's immune system and food source, and separating them naturally involves infection risks and potential harm to the breastfeeding relationship.  Like the classic newborn screen for metabolic disorders, it is done while the newborn is in the hospital for convenience factors, not because that is the best time to do the screen.  I'd prefer to see the initial screen done around 3 weeks, when it is more reliable and less disruptive to a newborn's health.



Proposed Screening for Heart Problem - LQTS



Test advised for newborns to detect heart problem

[7/12/06] LONDON (Reuters) - Babies should be given a simple, non-invasive test when they are about a month old to check for a life-threatening heart problem, Italian researchers said on Thursday. . . .

The electrocardiogram (ECG) test could prevent deaths from an hereditary illness known as long QT syndrome (LQTS) -- a heart problem than can cause sudden, unexplained death.  It can be treated with medication.

"In a study of 45,000 children, the test found signs of the disorder in almost one in 1,000 children."



Blood Typing with Eldon Cards



DOES ANYONE OUT THERE USE ELDON CARDS? Do you like them? How do they work? Do they type blood group AND Rh factor? Are they expensive? Do you use them on every birth or just with Rh- mom births? Can they be exposed to cold or heat and still work OK (Trunk of car through winter/summer)? What is their shelf life? Can they be trusted?


I had a client who ordered the Eldon Cards for their own personal use. She wanted to test the types of her kids. She is neg and her husband pos. She knew blood types for herself, husband, and one of the kids. The cards showed their types accurately and she was very happy with them. They did seem pretty expensive but nothing like what the lab costs.


I use them and love them. For the first few, we double tested, sending one sample to the lab and doing the other sample on the card. The results were the same, so now we just use the Eldon cards. We collect cord blood in a purple top tubes and test it when things settle down. It shows both the type and Rh, and is very easily to perform. I usually only test babies who's moms are neg or if I am concerned about an ABO incompatibility. My equipment stays in the car year round. I have had no problems with temperature affecting the cards (although they are room temperature when I do the test).

They have about a 1 year shelf life and cost about $16 for a pack of five, or $4 each. I will warn you that the expiration date is written British style i.e., 23/1/97. I was concerned when I got the cards (in January, 96) because the exp. date was 4/12/96. What I now know is Dec. 4, 1996.


I collect cord blood in a 10cc syringe and then place a drop on each test probe. Never had a wrong result yet. The needle from the syringe makes a perfect drop.


sounds OK.... But I would encourage everyone to follow the directions explicitly with no variations! There might be a simple process, than the one recommended. but I wouldn't advise fiddling with it.


I've had some European clients tell me their blood type is "A2" or "B3".  Apparently, there are subgroups of the A and B proteins.



SIDS/Baby Safety




SIDS Infants Show Abnormalities In Brain Area Controlling Breathing, Heart Rate (10/31/2006)


One Seattle Children’s doctor thinks he’s close to stopping SIDS [4/6/15] - by Dr. Daniel Rubens: These babies have inner-ear damage, but they can’t tell you . . .


SIDS May Be Linked to  Infection

MILAN, Italy (April 25, 2002) - Sudden Infant Death  Syndrome, in which apparently healthy babies die inexplicably in their cribs,  may be linked to infection with a common bacterium, preliminary research  suggests. Researchers told a conference on infectious diseases that a shock-producing byproduct of E. coli was found in the blood of all SIDS babies tested, but in none of the infants used as a comparison.


Serotypes of Escherichia coli in sudden infant death syndrome.
Pearce JL, Bettelheim KA, Luke RK, Goldwater PN.
J Appl Microbiol. 2010 Feb;108(2):731-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04473.x. Epub 2009 Jul 13.

SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: While SIDS remains one of the most important diagnoses of postneonatal death, its causes are still unexplained. If E. coli has a role in the pathogenesis of SIDS (as suggested by the pathotypes identified on the basis of serotype), further studies may reveal novel virulence factors that may clarify the role of this bacterium in SIDS.


Infection and sudden unexpected death in infancy: a systematic retrospective case review.
Weber MA, Klein NJ, Hartley JC, Lock PE, Malone M, Sebire NJ.
Lancet. 2008 May 31;371(9627):1848-53. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60798-9.

INTERPRETATION: Although many post-mortem bacteriological cultures in SUDI yield organisms, most seem to be unrelated to the cause of death. The high rate of detection of group 2 pathogens, particularly S aureus and E coli, in otherwise unexplained cases of SUDI suggests that these bacteria could be associated with this condition.


Cot Life 2000 - How to prevent cot death (crib death, SIDS)

"The danger of cot death can be eliminated by ensuring that babies sleep on mattresses and underbedding known to be free from the elements phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The BabeSafe range of mattresses complies with this requirement."



The Cot Life Society UK


Baby Bedding & SIDS - Do crib mattresses cause infant deaths?


Natural Baby Crib Mattress


SIDS: The Latest Research on How Sleeping With Your Baby is Safe
from askdrsears.com


“Top 12 List: What Every Health Professional And “Civil Authority” Should Know About “Sleeping With Baby” i.e. Mother-Infant Cosleeping With Breastfeeding by James J. McKenna, Ph.D.


Babies Do Better Right Next to Mother, not in separate bassinet

Should neonates sleep alone?
Morgan BE, Horn AR, Bergman NJ.
Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Nov 1;70(9):817-25. Epub 2011 Jul 29.

CONCLUSIONS: - Maternal-neonate separation is associated with a dramatic increase in HRV power, possibly indicative of central anxious autonomic arousal. Maternal-neonate separation also had a profoundly negative impact on quiet sleep duration. Maternal separation may be a stressor the human neonate is not well-evolved to cope with and may not be benign.


PEDIATRICS POLICY STATEMENT  [Oct. 17, 2011

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment [full text]

The recommendations described in this policy statement include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, breastfeeding, room-sharing without bed-sharing, routine immunizations, consideration of using a pacifier, and avoidance of soft bedding, overheating, and exposure to tobacco smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs.

A fan in the room with baby protects against SIDS! - Place a fan in baby's room at night and during nap!

In October 2008, the National Institutes of Health released a study in the Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine that indicated placing a simple fan in the room with baby at night and during naps showed up to a 72% reduction in the occurrence of SIDS.

The researchers involved in the study felt fans offered two protective benefits:
Prevents overheating - Overheating increases the risk of SIDS.
Decreases Carbon Dioxide accumulation - Rebreathing carbon dioxide also increases the risk of SIDS.
 

Use of a fan during sleep and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
Coleman-Phox K, Odouli R, Li DK.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008 Oct;162(10):963-8.

CONCLUSION: Fan use may be an effective intervention for further decreasing SIDS risk in infants in adverse sleep environments.



MILWAUKEE -- A virus recently discovered in Japan is now suspected in two "crib deaths" in Wisconsin nearly a year ago.

Its origin is a mystery. How the Wisconsin babies got it is another. It's the first time the virus has been found in the United States and raises the question of the role of germs in crib death. Whether it killed the babies isn't clear, but both were sick before they died.

Crib death, sudden infant death syndrome and SIDS are terms for unexplained deaths in children less than a year old. About 2,200 occur in the United States each year.

After the virus was detected in the dead babies, it was identified at the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Doctors now hope for research into whether it's a factor in SIDS.


From Primates to Late Nights: One Researcher’s Path to Sleep Studies - Interview with James McKenna, Ph.D.,  Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory at the University of Notre Dame.

This is an excellent article about the way in which co-sleeping helps to regulate the baby's physiological functions and reduces the SIDS risk.


Sleeping Position in SIDS Identified


Risk Factors which lead to suddent infant death - from a family medicine site in the UK


Here's the PVC industry's rebuttal to the allegations that PVC fumes cause SIDS.


CDC's MMWR Weekly Report --- Preview / First Paragraphs

October 23, 1998 / Vol. 47 / No. 41
Assessment of Infant Sleeping Position --- Selected States, 1996

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States. In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended that all healthy babies be put to sleep either on their back or side to reduce the risk for SIDS. In 1994, a national "Back to Sleep" education campaign was initiated to encourage the public and health-care providers to put babies to sleep on their back or side. In November 1996, the AAP modified its policy to preferentially recommend putting infants on their back because of the lower risk for SIDS associated with this position relative to the side position. To assess adherence to recommendations for infant sleeping position, CDC analyzed population-based data on the usual infant sleeping position for 1996 births by race from 10 states participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis and indicates that infant sleeping position varied by state and race.


I just did a humongo lit search on SIDS for a class presentation (lost a grandson to it almost 4 years ago), and here's a very brief summary of what I would recommend from what I read. There is no simple way to prevent it, because it looks like a whole complex of processes may be responsible. Most of these are things you already know to do:

  1. Don't smoke or use addictive drugs during pregnancy. The more you do, the higher the risk.
  2. Correct anemia problems during pregnancy, esp. in smokers. The lower the crit, the higher the risk.
  3. Use good nutrition to reduce low birth weight, which is also a risk (prematurity is not, surprisingly).
  4. All babies should sleep on their sides unless they have serious medical problems. Several countries have reduced their SIDS rates 60-70% with this change alone. (Back sleeping has been linked to aspiration.)
  5. Breastfeed your baby.
  6. Do not give cold remedies to babies, or any other drug that makes them sleepy.
  7. Be careful not to restrain (tightly wrap) or overheat babies, esp. when they sleep. The room should be comfortable for you, babies should sleep with hats off, take those snowsuits off when you come indoors or into a heated car.
  8. Though New Zealand now recommends against co-sleeping, my own review suggested that things such as co-sleeping and breastfeeding that tend to keep the baby from very deep sleep for long periods is probably a good thing.
  9. As much as possible, try to maintain a regular routine for your baby. There is some evidence of increased risk on weekends and holidays.
  10. Have your baby in the spring. The risk in January is twice what it is in July (in the northern hemisphere, opposite in the southern), and peaks at 12 weeks of age (even in preemies).

Family Bedroom Reduces SIDS Rates


Family Bed Prevents SIDS


Family Bed Doesn't Reduce SIDS Incidence


Sharing a bed with your baby from UNICEF


Baby safety tips from the Consumer Product Safety Commission



Dry Baby Skin



I have searched everywhere for some evidence regarding management of dry skin. I can't find any. I know that many women use oils - almond etc. But, is this evidence based? What impact do the oils have on the defense mechanisms a neonate's skin has against infection?


Skincare for the newborn: exploring the potential harm of manufactured products. [full-text article]
Trotter S.
RCM Midwives. 2002 Nov;5(11):376-8.

Many midwives routinely bath newborns using baby bath products believing these products are mild and suitable for delicate skins. This paper asks midwives to reconsider their role in the promotion of manufactured skincare products.

What can be done to keep babies' skin healthy?
Atherton D, Mills K.
RCM Midwives. 2004 Jul;7(7):288-90.


Jojoba oil is the best to use on a new baby's skin as it has the closest ph level to the skin's natural ph level.  I would never use anything petroleum based!!!  While it does lubricate the skin it does not nourish the skin. The most important thing is to use cold pressed oil - not just vegetable oil like from the supermarket because this is chemically processed whereas cold pressed oils are pure.


In view of DOH advice about avoiding nut products until your early twenties, I now avoid advising nut based oil.  I suggest a patch test of any product to be used on babies' skin - as I would do for any product I use on my own


Try some extra virgin coconut oil that comes in a jar semi solid, it is an antifungal and a good skin healer, I've used it on any little rashes that pop up with my munchkin and it cleared up.


I've only recently started studying holistic therapy but as far as I'm aware sunflower oil is a safe base oil for children as well as almond, peach kernel oil and light olive oil (extra virgin should be eaten by us mummies).  Sunflower oil provides a light protective barrier and doesn't smell.  The best time to apply oils is after a bath and massaging a baby will help with sleep, colic, help bonding and is great for postpartum depression.


In our trust, we recommend avoiding the nut oils because of the potential for causing allergies, especially peanut oil, but even almond oil.


For preterm infants with compromised skin barriers, sunflower see oil provides effective protection against nosocomial infection.  However, this is irrelevant to the term baby who is at home.

Note that this study mentions AquaPhor is a petroleum-based ointment, and I wouldn't use it on my baby's skin!

Effect of topical treatment with skin barrier-enhancing emollients on nosocomial infections in preterm infants in Bangladesh: a randomised controlled trial.
Darmstadt GL, Saha SK, Ahmed AS, Chowdhury MA, Law PA, Ahmed S, Alam MA, Black RE, Santosham M.
Lancet. 2005 Mar 19;365(9464):1039-45.



Eczema



Eczema is commonly caused by food allergies, either what the child is eating or drinking, or the mother if baby is breastfed.  It's usually the thing that we love the most, eat frequently and have cravings for (wouldn't ya know it!).  Start with eliminating one thing, give it a week or two to see if there are any changes or improvement in the skin, and then eliminate another (this is known as an elimination diet).  Doing it one item at a time will help you clearly determine what the offending factor is so that it can be eliminated.  The eczema should then clear up on its own.



One of my clients said this worked really well for their family:

Dr Aron Eczema Treatment Information Page - Welcome to this page dedicated to the ARON REGIMEN, a ground-breaking treatment for ECZEMA

Free Aron Regimen Download



From our local naturopath:

When I treat eczema, I usually start with mom's diet and some basic foods to avoid that others have mentioned, such as gluten and dairy. If that doesn't help, then we start eliminating other inflammatory foods.

Pediatric probiotic (w/Bifido infantis and other strains) can help with the infant's developing digestive system. HMF Natogen is a good product for this. Can be applied to the nipple during feedings.

The topical product I generally recommend is UNDA 270 Ointment (applied 2 - 3 times daily). Other emollients are great for keeping the skin hydrated and for comfort, such as the Vanicream.

If the eczema gets worse and starts oozing, then you may want to consider pharmaceutical topicals. Usually, it will all go away with time.



Just to add another comment - when I was breastfeeding and my kids developed some eczema, we went to a chiropractor that could muscle test me and the child for food sensitivities. I eliminated from my diet all of my sensitivities plus my child's sensitivities.

There can be environmental allergies/sensitivities too, but for a 4 month old, detergents is the most likely, as others have mentioned. Here's a good source to look at this further - www.solveeczema.org . We had to change everything to soap to fully eliminate our kids issues. We even supply the school classroom with soap so they don't use the typical detergents.

Good luck - it can be healed!



We healed my son's eczema by switching from detergents to soaps (for laundry, shampoo, body soap, dish soap...) after reading this website solve eczema.org

It describes why this can help and the best products to switch to. Hope you find something that helps.



My daughter had eczema all over her body starting at around a month for most of the first year of her life. She still at the age of four gets spots here and there, but for the most part it is better.

I tried every cream that I could get my hands on from samples from the pediatrician to everything I could find at the store... nothing helped. Natural everything didn't help. Cutting food from my diet (she was 100% breastfeed) didn't help.

What did help was to stop using soap on 95% of her body. We still gave her baths often, but only cleaned the dirty parts with soap. That meant that her legs, stomach, back, arms, got no soap, just water. When she was at the worst I was even careful about how I applied and washed off the soap from the parts that needed it so that it didn't run over some of the really dry parts by accident (for Veronica it was her stomach and back). Showering to make sure she wasn't sitting in water with soap in it (showering with a baby meant for me sitting on the floor of the shower with her in my lap). Then I was carefully about how I dried the skin. Just pat no rubbing, well as much as you can (you are trying to dry a little baby that doesn't hold still very well). Then after the bath, and a couple of other times during the day I put Lanolin (yes the thick goo that is used for breastfeeding) on the dry parts. This treatment got her to where she was comfortable (no more itching), but there were always reddish dry spots that mostly went away with age. She was never super bad at the worst it was defiantly itchy, but I have heard of much worse cases. As I said she still gets red dry spots to this day. I wash them with only water pat them dry and apply lanolin several times a day, and it goes away after a couple of days. Then comes back in about a month. They don't seem to hurt her or get the itchy point though If I treat them right away.

I guess in my case I don't feel like my DD was ever "cured", but we did get to a place where she was comfortable, and it only look a minimal amount of effort to keep it under control.

Hope that helps...



It's awful to see, isn't it? My little one had the same from 4 months as well. Also has allergies- we tested him after he developed eczema as apparently a large percentage of kids with eczema have allergies too. I stopped eating the things he is allergic to (as he was reacting via breastmilk) and it did help a lot. Eczema is a symptom of a leaky gut. Apparently wheat and dairy are very common foods to cause flare ups. We are on the GAPS diet which has helped immensely and we are healing the leaky gut, food sensitivities and hopefully his allergies too. For the moment have you considered: Environmental influences like washing powder, wool as an irritant, chemicals like cleaning agents, perfumes and soaps? I have tried many different types of creams on him...haven't found a magic one yet! Calendula and paw paw cream, sometimes coconut oil helps, chickweed helps with the itch.

I used pure raw shea butter plus I made my own soap using the shea butter. It worked for him when he was nearly a year old. Good luck.

Are you breastfeeding? If so something you are eating may be the cause. You need to eliminate the most common allergens, and I would suggest that you start first with gluten - go off of it for at least 2 weeks and see what happens.  If it's not that then do dairy next, soy after that. If formula feeding it is something in the formula. external irritants are most commonly your detergent, baby wipes, chemicals in diapers, and sometimes even the detergent used in your dishwasher. However, I'd look at what goes into your baby first (even though it seems the harder thing to deal with..)

Our daughter had eczema and we did allergy testing which was positive for gluten and dairy. We eliminated both and it resolved immediately (& through food rotation testing realized it was primarily the gluten). She doesn't have Celiac, but you don't have to have it to still react negatively to
gluten. Gluten is also known to be associated with skin disorders and often that is one of the first noticeable symptoms.

Most all skin things are related to allergies of some sort (food, chemical, environmental, etc.)
If you're intimidated by the idea of gluten free there are many great options out there - the hard part is finding those that taste good and have a good texture. Here is a quick list of my favorites:
tinkinyada noodles - cook like you do regular noodles to al dente. most folks can't tell the difference. Canyon Bakehouse gluten free bread & buns - the closest to regular bread you will find. Many GF breads have a gritty texture, this one is good. The almond flour cookbook recipes using the honeyville almond flour (HUGE difference using this almond flour over bob's red mill or others - texture just like regular baking and excellent flavor..)
When eating out, ethnic is the best bet for gluten free (thai, mexican, etc.) also there are some pizza places with GF options depending on where you live.



My niece had eczema caused by allergies. My sister was breast feeding and cut out dairy and all white flour out of her diet. It turned out to be a dairy allergy.

www.dermamed.com has a wonderful product that is very effective. It is called "Children's Healing Cream" If your child has any sort of eczema you should treat them and try this. (removing chemicals, additives, and allergens from the diet as well as using a very high quality probiotic is super important too.) Until you can figure out the diet connections, this cream is great!

DermaMed Natural Healing Cream for Infants & Children soothes and protects the delicate skin of infants and children with pure herbal extracts of Calendula, Manuka and Viola. Especially effective for diaper rash, eczema, rashes and hives, Natural Healing Cream for Infants and Children calms irritated skin and helps speed healing. Hypo-allergenic and readily absorbed.

INGREDIENTS: Water, Aloe Vera Gel, Evening Primrose Oil, Rose Hip Oil, Carrot Seed Oil, Sunflower Seed Oil, Beeswax, Extracts of Calendula, Viola, Fumaria, Manuka, German Chamomile, Myrrh and Sambucus, Vitamins A, C and E, Grapefruit Seed Extract (Natural Preservative).
All herbs are approved by Commission E Monograph

Easy Returns Unconditional, satisfaction guaranteed
Safe Shopping Confidentiality and Privacy Secured
Quick Shipping A Selection of Shipping Methods


ACTIVE INGREDIENTS:
Aloe Vera Gel: Aloe Vera helps restore tissue integrity and provides soothing anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties.
Evening Primrose Oil, Sunflower Oil: These cold-pressed oils provide the essential fatty acids omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) as well as GLA (gamma-linolenic acid), important modulators of the inflammatory response. Help regulate epidermal proliferation and desquamation of the skin.
Carrot Seed Oil: Carrot Seed Oil is an exceptional moisturizer for the skin and promotes healthy cellular regeneration.
Calendula: Calendula provides anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities and stimulates cellular regeneration of healthy skin.
Manuka: Manuka exhibits anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Rose Hip: Rose Hip contains high levels of vitamin C and bioflavonoids which strengthen blood vessel walls, increasing vascular resistance and integrity and thus improving skin circulation.
Viola: Viola is a rich source of anti-oxidant flavonoids which provide anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities.
Fumaria: Fumaria has anti-fungal activity, modulates the immune response and normalizes skin thickness. It is also anti-inflammatory.
Chamomile: Chamomile inhibits the release of histamine and decreases the inflammatory response. Stimulates cellular regeneration of healthy skin.
Myrrh: Myrrh is a powerful anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Sambucus: Sambucus (Elderflower) promotes healing of skin conditions and reduces inflammation associated with allergies.
Vitamin A: Vitamin A is necessary for the growth and repair of body tissues and helps maintain healthy skin integrity. Improves the resistance of the skin and mucous membranes to chemical and physical irritants.
Vitamin C and Bioflavonoids: Vitamin C and Bioflavonoids work synergistically to strengthen connective tissue in blood vessel walls, thereby increasing vascular resistance and integrity, and improving circulation. Vitamin C's anti-oxidant action provides photo-protective effects against UVB-induced damage in human epithelial cells. Supports immune and endocrine system function.
Vitamin E: Vitamin E is a powerful anti-oxidant that helps retard cellular aging associated with free-radical damage. Protects the skin against UV-induced inflammation and maintains skin hydration. Regulates abnormal proliferation of the superficial skin layers.
Application: Unless otherwise directed by a physician, apply freely 3 to 5 times daily. May be diluted with warm water for easy application.
Cautions and Contraindications: No side effects or contraindications. Non-irritant to the skin. Not to be taken internally. Not tested on animals. For more information, call 1-800-681-2292.

Story1: I used to have eczema for 10 years. It was bad. Bleeding.. scratching myself raw, the works. I healed it in 4 days with an oversaturated solution of Himalayan salt. Here is what you do: in a glass container, put 1/4 of the volume of Himalayan salt, fill the rest with water. Every morning, take 1 tsp of the solution in a glass of water. This has worked for me and for other adults. So far it has not worked as well for kids.
Story 2: there is a product on the market called Aveeno eczema relief cream. Beige tube, blue top. It works marvelously for my daughter age 6. So far I had not had any success with anything else when it comes to her eczema. This has worked for us and for another friend of mine who also has a 3 and 6 years old.

My 2 boys had eczema when they were little. It is a systemic problem, and using a very high quality probiotics will help. If you can eliminate all allergens it should subside. It's tough finding out what they are. Gluten, dairy, and chemicals/additives are biggies. If you could look into the Feingold diet, they give out a list of shopping items showing which items are safe to consume. Many items have undisclosed additives that cause eczema. My good friend's daughter does very well when they follow this diet.

The way I healed my boys, was to eliminate dairy and begin probiotics. www.maxamlabs.com has a free trial of their high quality strain they've developed. Additionally I had much success with using DermaMed Healing Cream "Children's healing cream" which was the only cream that worked. I found this cream to be a miracle worker until I figured out what to do with diet. This IS magic cream, and that's what we called it. You still will need to try and help with diet though...


I had a client with this issue just about a month ago.  She did the following and it's now gone.   • diet change - no wheat, dairy, sugar• probiotics and fermented foods • changed detergent - was using a baby detergent and switched to the Trader Joe's simple detergent• Rescue remedy cream on the affected • diluted apple cider vinegar washes It was really bad when I saw the baby and I made those suggestions to her.  She saw change within a week.

I found that this 100% natural creme called DermaMed Healing Cream cleared up my kids eczema wonderfully.  They used to call it children's healing cream and it is from Canada although I found a similar product out of Texas which was identical ingredients but was more expensive. Bottom line is this is an overly fragrant but wonderful natural product which actually did cure up some severe eczema in me and my 2 sons.


Baby Dophilus can help establish a healthier probiotics environment.


Eczema is part of the annoying triad: eczema-allergies-asthma, so it is a possibility that your 3 months old is allergic to something. The question is . What? Using lotion will not solve the problem but it will increase the time between outbreaks.

When you pick a lotion, find something heavier rather than lighter. The more "liquid' it is, the less moisturizing it is. I know it sounds counter intuitive... But there it is. Sometimes I do a 1-2 with the lotions. I use something more liquid at first when I am very irritated, then I put a second coat with a more moisturizing lotion which is usually harder to rub in.

If you use a lotion, it will get into the skin easier when the skin is still humid from the bath, than if it is dry.

If I were in your shoes, here is what I would do.

I would go and see an homeopath and tackle the underlying problem.

I'd get rid of every product you use that is scented or colored.  I'd get a soapless soap (like eucerin's soap) and see if that makes a difference.

If you can, use natural fibers on the area which are affected. I have noticed on my own skin that the synthetic fibers almost rub my skin the wrong way and will create patches of eczema.

I would do double rinse on all laundry that will touch the baby skin. BTW, laundry detergents can be big culprits. I had a boyfriend who switched from Tide to 7th generation which is supposed to be better. Well, he was covered with eczema until he figured it out and switched back..;)

I would use a lotion after every bath on the entire body of the baby.

I have tried the following lotions:
- vaseline: good moisturizer but well, very greasy. It is a hit and miss for me.
- eucerin: the lotion is not very moisturizing, the cream is. Warning: contains nut oils, which are allergens. - Egyptian miracle cream (I think that it is what it is called), you can get it at whole foods. It is olive oil based. I had good results with that, so did a friend of mine. Both of our children have/had eczema. - shea butter. Very moisturizing, but hard to rub on irritated skin. - bag balm. Works wonders on the butt area. Lanolin based. If the baby is not allergic to wool, that could be a winner. It is very moisturizing, and will stay on the skin. It is extremely greasy. For area which are covered, t is fantastic. Does not work that well on hands.

As I said earlier, keeping the baby's skin hydrated will reduce the chance of outbreaks.  I am trying to make it part of the night routine. Bath. Then massage. My daughter loves it. Now if only I could think of it for myself..;)


Our dermatologist prescribed a steroid cream for my DD, now five years old.  I was too afraid to put such a strong steroidal all over such a small child. we instead used boericke & tafel florasone cream (it is homeopathic cardiospermum tincture in cream base) with great success, applying liberally two to three times per day and after one week her skin was clear.

i have always noticed that she has a sensitivity to pasteurized milk, whether warm or cold, served with spices, etc.... she would have respiratory congestion, constipation, and eventually ugly breakouts of eczema on the back of her legs and buttocks.  however, when she takes in the same volume of raw milk (with all the required enzymes still intact), there are none of these problems.  from what i can gather from research on this subject, much of eczema is an inflammatory response to undigested (or indigestible!) proteins, whereupon the body tries to get rid of the indigestible matter through the skin.  there is also an element of general systemic inflammation which can cause hyper sensitivity of the skin to things such as pool chemicals, laundry detergent, etc.  improve the digestion and the inflammation subsides.  so far so good, her skin now remains clear :)


A good friend of mine had the same issues with her son, and he did indeed have food allergies (wheat, dairy, peanuts -- all of which he has now outgrown, thanks to very diligent avoidance of those things for a couple of years) and she found frequent baths with Aveeno wash actually helped (even though frequent baths felt counter-intuitive), in addition to, I think, the Aveeno cream.  Helped much more than the steroid cream for her son, at least.


Cod Liver oil, Fish Oil, Omega 3 vitamins, or Sardines



Some people swear by vegetable glycerine rubbed on the eczema.

Pediatric Eczema by Randall Neustaedter OMD

Natural Health Newsletter
Eczema Treatment for Children
Randall Neustaedter OMD
Excerpt from the forthcoming book The Holistic Baby Guide: Alternative Care for Common Health Problems (New Harbinger Publications, 2010).
The treatment of eczema usually requires a holistic perspective that includes nutritional supplements and other specific therapies to reduce inflammation and support the immune system. Since a majority of the immune system function occurs in the intestines it is essential that the integrity of the digestive tract be nourished and maintained in these babies. A healthy balance of intestinal bacteria and a healthy gut lining are important. And supplementing with a probiotic is always a good idea. Your baby needs the right kinds of fatty acids, and a baby with eczema may have a disorder that needs additional fat supplementation. Taking a holistic approach to treatment provides relief of inflammation and itching while building a stable immune system that is less reactive. This will make your baby less sensitive to the irritants in the environment or diet that trigger reactions. The goal of internal treatment of eczema is cure, the complete healing of the immune system disorder that lies at the root of this symptom complex.
Beneficial Fatty Acids
The omega-3 fat EPA in fish oil will help prevent inflammatory reactions. Any child with eczema should be taking a fish oil supplement. In addition, the omega-6 fatty acid gamma linolenic acid (GLA) has been proven beneficial for children with eczema. Some studies have shown that the metabolism of essential fatty acids is abnormal in people with eczema, resulting in low levels of GLA. These children are thought to have a deficiency of the enzyme that converts linoleic acid to GLA resulting in a deficiency of GLA (Horrobin, 2000). Supplementation with GLA has proven effective in the treatment of eczema in adults (Andreassi, 1997) and in infants (Fiocchi, 1994). Supplementing infants with GLA who were at high risk of eczema because of a family history also reduced the severity of later eczema in these children (Van Gool, 2003). GLA is available as a supplement derived from borage seed oil or evening primrose oil. The dosage of GLA in clinical studies ranged from 100 mg. to 3 grams GLA per day.
Healing the Gut
Doing stool tests by a thorough lab such as Genova, Metametrix, or Diagnos-Techs through your baby's health care provider can yield important information about the health of the digestive tract in babies. These tests can detect yeast growth, levels of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria, problems with absorption, and the presence of inflammation, all of which can be treated with holistic methods.
The two strains of beneficial lactobacillus bacteria that seem to have the greatest effect in ameliorating eczema in clinical studies are L reuteri and L rhamnosus GG). Several studies have shown the beneficial effects of these probiotics when given to mothers during pregnancy and to children with eczema. Children treated with Lactobacillus reuteri had a significant reduction of eczema at two years of age (Abrahamsson, 2007). And in another study the combination of L reuteri and L rhamnosus showed significant improvement in children's eczema compared to a comparable control group (Rosenfeldt, 2003). A follow-up study determined that the improvement of eczema symptoms in those children who used this combination of probiotics was associated with an improvement in the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These children had a decrease in measured permeability of the intestinal lining, which has been associated with leaky gut and the production of antibodies to ingested proteins (Rosenfeldt, 2004). The product Primadophilus Reuteri by Nature's Way provides both probiotics, L reuteri and L rhamnosus.
Eczema is often complicated by digestive problems, and addressing the digestive component may be an important step in the healing process for these babies. As you will see later in this book, creating a strong immune system means also maintaining a healthy digestive tract.
Immune System Supplements
Maintaining a healthy immune system depends upon adequate amounts of vitamin D, either from sun exposure or supplementation. Babies should receive 1,000 IU of vitamin D in a supplement during the winter months when exposure to the sun is limited. Toddlers and older children should take 2,000 IU per day.
Another important supplement, especially for babies that are not breastfed, is colostrum, or the beneficial active constituents of colostrum (especially the anti-inflammatory glycoprotein lactoferrin), alpha lactalbumin, and important immunoglobulins. These are available through fresh cow's colostrum, powdered colostrum, or various supplement preparations. If babies have any sensitivity to cow's milk, then colostrum is contraindicated.
Chinese herbs and acupuncture
Babies are hot. They are prone to conditions of excess heat and inflammation, especially if these are triggered by specific stresses that push their systems in this direction. Eczema is an inflammatory reaction, and categorized as a damp heat condition in Chinese medicine. In different children there may be more or less heat (redness, dryness, itching) or dampness (secretions, moist skin). And the treatment may vary accordingly. Of course, the picture may be complicated by other factors as well, including digestive system weakness and respiratory problems, all of which will need to be treated with an inclusive perspective.
Several Chinese herbal formulas have been manufactured specifically for babies to ameliorate these conditions. The preeminent formulas are produced by Chinese Modular Solutions (available through Kan Herb, www.kanherb.com). Fire Fighter is a Chinese formula in the Gentle Warrior pediatric series. It is specifically designed to treat the heat and dampness of childhood eczema, and perfectly safe to use for babies. The dosage may vary depending on the weight of your baby and the severity of symptoms. Fire Fighter is a liquid extract and can also be combined with other formulas depending on your baby's individual needs. For example, when leaky gut and digestive disturbances accompany or precede the skin problems, then the formula Grow and Thrive may be indicated to strengthen the digestive and immune system component of your baby's symptom picture. If other related respiratory problems are also involved, then specific formulas may be needed to treat the dampness and phlegm as well. Other manufacturers also have complementary formulas that can be utilized to treat specific symptom complexes and imbalances in your individual baby. An acupuncturist with training in pediatrics will be able to prescribe the correct herbal formula that will act curatively for your baby.
Acupuncture similarly has the ability to relieve heat and dampness.  Typical points used in acupuncture treatment include the combination of SP 10, LI 11 and UB 17 to disperse heat, ST 40 to treat dampness, and ST 36 and SP6 to strengthen digestive function. These points, and others, can be stimulated with needles or other noninvasive methods (laser, magnets). Many acupuncturists will also use a nonspecific form of tonification treatment known as Sho-Ni Shin, which involves rubbing the acupuncture channels with short rhythmic strokes in the direction of the channel flow. These acupuncture techniques when combined with herbal treatment will have a palliative effect on symptoms of itching and inflammation, as well as building the strength of the system and healing imbalance.
Homeopathy
A constitutional homeopathic medicine prescribed by a qualified homeopath can act miraculously in babies. This may be the one factor that provides an intense boost to healing in your baby. Acute medicines will do little for eczema, since this is an internal problem that requires a deep acting medicine. This is not a condition for home prescribing. The constitutional medicine is chosen on the basis of the total symptom picture, taking into account genetic predispositions and your baby's temperament, unique characteristics, and physical symptoms.
Parents, however, should be cautious about using a homeopathic medicine as the initial treatment step in eczema. Since eczema is such a volatile external condition, it is possible for a homeopathic constitutional medicine to cause a significant aggravation of the skin symptoms. Your baby's body is already expressing symptoms through an inflammation on the surface. Homeopathy works by providing a strong stimulus to healing. This may result in an even stronger effort by the body to expel toxins or move an energetic imbalance out of the body through the skin. I start treatment with immune system support and treatment of the inflammation first, then use a homeopathic medicine to boost the healing process.
Nutritional Supplements for Eczema
Fish oil
Gamma linolenic Acid (GLA)
Probiotics (including L reuteri and L rhamnosus)
Vitamin D (1,000 IU)
Colostrum



Newborn Rashes and Skin Infections



See also: Laundry Issues since delicate newborn skin may react to dry cleaning fluid or even ordinary household laundry products.


Dermatology Atlas - section on Neonatal Dermatology

Differential Diagnosis Tool

Common rashes:

ERYTHEMA TOXICUM NEONATORUM

They have a complete section on Neonatal Dermatology.

Erythema toxicum must be distinguished from more serious vesiculopustular eruptions of the newborn including staphylococcal pustulosis, (another staph photo), herpes simplex, varicella, (another varicella photo), candidiasis, and listeriosis.

Transient neonatal pustular melanosis looks a lot like herpes.

Diaper Dermatitis



Neonatal Dermatology
- Infective Lesions - good photos and descriptions


Common Dermatologic Diagnoses: 15 Rashes You Need to Know [3/14/13] - this Medscape article isn't specific to newborn rashes, but it's got some good images.


The Normal Flora of Humans is a helpful adjunctive site.


There's a really easy way to remove chlorine and chloramine from your baby's bath water - add vitamin C to the bath water.


Baby Acne from The Holistic Baby Guide, Randall Neustaedter OMD

 Just when you thought everything was going well with your beautiful new baby and all the relatives are coming into town for a visit, she starts breaking out in pimples. Around two to three weeks of age about 20 percent of babies start to break out with red bumps or whiteheads on the face and neck. There are several theories regarding the cause of acne in babies. These pimples may occur because of changes in maternal hormones during late pregnancy or the withdrawal of estrogen after your baby's birth. This temporary imbalance of male and female hormones may stimulate the oil glands in the skin. One study showed a correlation between the mother's level of sebaceous gland activity and her baby's secretion of sebum in these same glands, suggesting a correlation between baby acne and maternal hormones (Henderson, 2000).

Some studies have shown that a majority of infants with acne have a type of yeast growth on their skin, either Malassezia furfur (Rapelanoro, 1997) or Malassezia saprodialis (Bernier, 2002). But others have found no association with this form of yeast and the degree of severity of acne in infants (Ayhan, 2007).

Regardless of the causes, baby acne is a harmless condition that will fade away by the time your baby is 3 to 4 months old, though it can come and go over this period of time. No specific treatment is needed for these pimples.

Giving your baby a bifidobacteria probiotic supplement may be helpful for its anti-inflammatory effect, and mothers who take an omega-3 fish oil supplement will transfer these fats to their babies through breast milk with the same effect. Babies who are fed formula should always be supplemented with fish oil.


If a baby has inflammation centered around the anus, consider that this is probably a "gut reaction" to something the baby is "eating", which really means to something the breastfeeding mother is eating.  This is often citrus or vitamin C supplements.  Some babies will react to any fruit juices or just non-organic fruit juices.  So, it may be best for the breastfeeding mother to back off all fruit juices for a few days to see if the baby's rash gets better; if it does, try gradually adding organic apple juice and gradually expand to other juices until the rash returns - thus you've identified the culprit.


Medline plus has good images of Erythema toxicum neonatorum.


Differential Diagnosis of Rash Illness.


Diaper Rash Care and Management [Medscape registration is free]


Childhood Skin Rashes from © American Institute for Preventive Medicine


You might try the Better Butter Cream from Northern Essence (on this page, scroll down).  The only medication is the grapefruit seed extract, which seems to kill off the yeasties. I apply it liberally and at every diaper change, and a yeasty rash is usually gone in a few days.


A review of the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of irritant diaper dermatitis.
Atherton DJ.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 May;20(5):645-9.

 Irritant diaper dermatitis (IDD) is a form of contact dermatitis occurring in the diaper area as a consequence of disruption of the barrier function of the skin through prolonged contact with faeces and urine. Despite advances in diaper technology, it is a condition that still occurs regularly in young children. To combat this, barrier preparations can be used to protect the skin by coating the surface of the skin and/or by supplying lipids that can penetrate the intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum. In this review, the pathophysiology of IDD is outlined and its prevention and treatment are discussed, with particular reference to the role of emollients.


Great article on Skin Lesions in Newborns


Find the latest Neonatal Dermatology sites from Alta Vista


Natren produces a probiotic product designed specifically for infants. Life Start is made with Bifidobacterium infantis - the beneficial bacteria which is most necessary during infancy.  This can be beneficial for newborn thrush, newborn diarhea or diaper rash.



Is There More to Diaper Rash Than Meets the Eye? - Diaper rash is more than just a skin irritation; it is an early indicator of gut dysbiosis (pathogen overgrowth)

Evivo (activated B. infantis EVC001) lowers intestinal and fecal pH to a range that inhibits the growth of pathogens and deactivates fecal enzymes that irritate the skin,



Newborn Urinary Tract Infections/Ear Infections/Eye Infections



Newborn Fever May Be Urinary Tract Infection


Pediatricians Urged To Treat Ear Infections More Cautiously - [2/25/13] - And he says there are some real downsides to using antibiotics when they're not necessary: They can cause upset stomachs, allergic reactions and other problems. And they can contribute to the development of superbugs — infections that are getting harder and harder to cure.

"The bacteria that do survive the antibiotic get tough, and next time you get an ear infection or any other type of infection, they're harder to manage," Rosenfeld says.

The first thing the new guidelines say is: Make sure the child really has an ear infection.

"There are dozens of reasons an ear can hurt," Rosenfeld says. "In this guideline we say, 'Listen, if you're not sure of the diagnosis, don't even think about giving an antibiotic. Please, don't even think about it.' "

The only way to know for sure is to take a close look at the eardrum and see if it is clearly bulging.



Antibiotics not best for ear infections - journal


Ear Aches/Ear Infections

I liked the idea of using Hydrogen Peroxide and Acidophilus but I've seen such incredibly fast recoveries using a strong garlic and mullein oil, I don't think I'd want to wait a day for healing. I made my own garlic and mullein oil with newly dried mullein and lots of garlic and extra virgin olive oil. The mullein was broken into as small of pieces as I could and the garlic was chopped very small. I steeped it for over 6 weeks in the window, turning the bottle over once a day, and then strained very well. I then repeated the process with the garlic and mullein oil - put more garlic and mullein in it and re-steeped. My 16 yo daughter woke up with an ear infection at 2:30 a.m. and 20 minutes after we got the oil in her ear, she was pain free and the pain didn't come back. This has happened for several of my friends who have used this same recipe.

The pain in the ear infec. with the acidophilus will stop right when you put it in. I guess I didn't make myself very clear on that. It will do the same for the sore throat. I do like your recipe though, it is similar to my garlic oil recipe sounds like.


Quick Recipe for Garlic Oil for Ear Infections

You take a clove or two of garlic, and chop it up a bit. Steep it (at room temp, I think) in a spoonful or two of olive oil, for a while. I don't recall how long. This gets the garlic oils into the olive oil. Then you put the olive oil in the affected ear, so that it can drain in and lie against the eardrum. You can lie on your side for a while so it stays against your eardrum, after that, put some cotton ball fiber in the ear loosely, and you can sit up.


Umbilical Hernia



The baby is about 6 weeks old and has an umbilical hernia that has become increasingly noticeable in the last couple of weeks. It's now a good 1.5 cm in diameter and sticks out quite impressively when the baby is crying.


Last I heard...leave them alone for 5 years....if not resolved, then surgery.


I had an umbilical hernia. My elder son has one too. Mine went by the time I was two, he is 6.5 and it shows no signs of going away. When he's big (i.e., 16) he can decide what he wants to do about it.


One of my daughters had a baby with a giant umbilical hernia -- it actually looked like a penis coming out of her stomach. Rather awful to look at... and her pediatrician told her to just leave it alone. Now at 7 months, my granddaughter's belly button looks quite normal.


Hi, my son who is now 17 had one about that size. It got worse before it got better. We did nothing. The peds said we could put a belt on it if it made us feel better, but that it probably wouldn't make a difference, so I didn't bother. I think that they wait until age 5 or 6 to do surgery, unless there are symptoms of incarceration (extremely rare!). Now an inguinal hernia is a different cup of tea entirely



Grunting in Infants during First Few Weeks



New parents have a 5-week newborn who grunts loudly while sleeping and when she needs a bm, nothing else going on, just keeping these new parents awake at night.  Any ideas?


I had a full term baby who grunted like that.  The pediatrician said that the cartilage in the trachea was not fully developed, and every time baby inhaled and nursed, the trachea would partially collapse.  He grew out of it, several months later.  Maybe this is a later stage of the same problem. It was an uncommon but normal variant of baby physiology


One of our newborns made was grunting; it sounded like he was trying to sing or something.  The pediatrician said it sounds like a 'soft' airway - the cartilage in the trachea can remain quite soft for a while, and sometimes that causes that sound - there's nothing to be done but wait for him to grow. He says if it gets worse, or starts distressing him, we'll take another look, but he should be fine.


I wonder if there is a form of Tracheal Laryngeal Malacia which would be heard only during sleep or with BMs.  Last year one of mine was diagnosed with it, but he was breathing noisily (stridor) all the time. He has outgrown it now (the usual outcome).  It is simply unusually soft cartilage supporting the windpipe that tends to partially collapse, though ordinarily baby is still able to maintain adequate oxygenation.  It is not seen immediately at the birth, but starts several days or weeks later.


I also had a baby with tracheal malacia who had a apneic episode at about 4 weeks old that required hospitalization but after that was observed at home with an apneic monitor.  Similar sx -- episodic grunting with one episode that was a doozy!


Many babies make wheezing noises in dry weather, when their little nasal passages are so easily clogged by dried mucous.  My clients have raved about the AIR-O-SWISS Humidifiers.



Breastmilk for Eye Infection



I recently had a mum whom I referred to a pediatrician for a check-up for two vessel cord. (otherwise healthy) While there, he noted that the baby had "conjuctivitis" and prescribed antibiotic drops. Well, this is a welfare mum, who didn't have a drug card for baby yet, so she asked me if I could give her more erythromycin ointment. I looked at the eye, I thought, sticky eye, no real conjuctivitis, (eye was not red, or inflamed, no fever of baby etc.) I suggested tear duct massage and breastmilk in the eye.

We have always been told in LLL that drops of breastmilk help clear up the sticky eye thing that happens with babies. Sorry - not getting real Technical. Basically it is the secretory IgA antibodies that are in breastmilk that help clear the gunk from the babies eye. Maybe reminding him these antibodies are there, in abundance in the early weeks especially, will remind him of how helpful it can be

Paraphrased from the Womanly Art of breastfeeding Pg.348-356:

Breastmilk IS living tissue - with live antibodies, live white blood cells and active macrophages, all of which have significant roles in fighting foreign protein (bacteria and viruses). This is why fresh BM makes such great nose drops and eye drops incidentally.


Breastmilk as an Antibiotic

In vitro activity of human milk against the causative organisms of ophthalmia neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria.
Ibhanesebhor SE, Otobo ES.
J Trop Pediatr. 1996 Dec;42(6):327-9.

"The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to term colostrum was 50 per cent and to mature milk 0. Coliform organisms had a sensitivity of 57 per cent to colostrum and 28 per cent to mature milk."


Breastmilk Usage



Newborn Care at Six-Week Postpartum Exam



In Ontario the midwife is the primary caregiver for mom and baby until 6 wks.

Baby, wt, measurements, listen to heart, exam abd for masses, check hips (important as birth exam can be false dt maternal hormones) Also assess for developmental changes, i.e. smiling, head control etc.



Vaccinations



The subsection on Vaccinations has been moved to its own page.



Natural Baby Wipes



I cut up a couple of old receiving blankets into little squares with pinking shears (or hem) and put them into one of those little square Tupperware sandwich containers with a little water and mild soap. Instant, portable baby wipes, than I would just throw the little squares in with my cloth diapers to wash.


One of my babes had famously delicate skin -- sensitive to everything: and I didn't dare use packaged diaper wipes on him. In an old health care book I discovered how to make oil soap. I put it in a carrying bottle with a strong flip top, and simply used it like diaper wipes, pouring a little on a rag or tissue when needed. Cleans well, no rinsing, always available, and leaves the skin soft.

The recipe is simple, I don't think the portions are crucial, (at least I played around with them quite a bit). Mix about a cup of oil (almond, or other good stable oil) into a container, with several tablespoons of anhydrous lanolin, (an egg whip works well to mix), then pour into a good pop top or squeeze bottle.

You can also use vegetable shortening, or even zinc oxide cream as the thickener...Use more or less till you get the right consistency -- like a thick lotion. This may sound odd, but all soap is simply oil or fat with an alkalizing agent added... this is just primitive, back to basics, soap.

PS You can add calendula (either oil or tincture) to the mix... or other "healing'" herbs.



Cradle Cap



The best recommendations below are for the mom to increase her intake of biotin to 1000 mcg daily and to use breastmilk on the scalp.  There is not a lot of research on the subject, and different sources proclaim that oil is definitely helpful, and others say that it is definitely not helpful.  What's a mother to do?!?



Seborrheic Dermatitis in Children from The National Eczema Organization - What is seborrheic dermatitis? Seborrheic dermatitis on an infant’s scalp is known as “cradle cap.”


Cradle Cap
by Mayo Clinic staff - Cradle cap usually doesn't require medical treatment. It clears up on its own within a few weeks to months. In the meantime, wash your baby's hair once a day with mild baby shampoo and brush the scalp lightly with a soft brush to loosen the scales.


What’s the best treatment for cradle cap? - Evidence-based answers from the Family Physicians Inquiries Network - they recommend some fairly harsh shampoos and mineral oil.  Even if it works to improve the cradle cap, it's hard to imagine that it's actually good for the baby.



Cradle Cap from Ask Dr. Sears - Use baby oil or olive oil to soften the thick crusts. Rub it in with your finger, let the oil soak in for 15-30 minutes, then gently remove the crusts with a soft toothbrush. Wash the oil out immediately. This is very important, leaving the oil in too long can cause his whole face to break out in a rash.



I have just learned about the importance of B vitamins in preventing seborrhea and seborrheic dermatitis; cradle cap is a form of seborrhea

One of my clients was inspired to try using breastmilk for cradle cap, and she said it worked beautifully and was a lot less messy than the oils.



from Linda Page's book, Healthy Healing (This is the most valuable holistic health reference book I've seen for non-professionals.)

"If you're nursing, avoid refined sugar which supports bacteria and yeast.  Use Nature's Path FLORA-LYTE, or BABYLIFE by Solaray for infants to foster healthy flora.  Massage scalp with vitamin E, olive oil or jojoba oil or Earth Mama Angel Baby BOTTOM BALM for 5 minutes.  Leave on 30 minutes, then brush scalp with soft baby brush and shampoo with tea tree or aloe vera shampoo.  Repeat twice weekly.  Apply comfrey root tea to infant's scalp or dry skin area, and let air dry.  Symptoms usually disappear within 10 days.  Cradle cap may be a biotin deficiency.  Take biotin 1000mcg while nursing; the baby will receive the necessary amount through breast milk."

[Ed: If you have any herbal Sitz Bath herbs, you could try that instead of the plain comfrey root to make the tea.]


We used warmed olive oil on DD both for dry skin and cradle cap (left on overnight for cradle cap).  Her cradle cap had been really bad but cleared within 2 days and made her skin lovely.


Use burt's bees apricot baby oil, and scrub it into the scalp with a scrub brush, then use some shampoo and scrub, then rub the oil on again and leave it.  I have NEVER seen cradle cap go away so fast as when I used this method!  I spent days picking off flakes (okay, I would even use tweezers, that's how obsessive I was, LOL) and after doing the oil scrub twice, no more cradle cap.


Make sure you are using a soap that isn't animal based (like ivory and such) because it doesn't wash off well. Dr Bronners baby soap is great stuff to wash with and a bargain for how much you use.


Weleda baby soap with calendula got rid of mine.


Cradle Cap from The Holistic Baby Guide, Randall Neustaedter OMD

If your baby has dry flakes on her scalp, or unsightly yellow and oily scales, it's cradle cap. This is a harmless condition otherwise known as infantile seborrheic dermatitis. Regardless of its name, cradle cap can be annoying and it can be persistent, even into the toddler years and beyond. Can you get rid of it? Usually not by rubbing it off. And because it is already oily, the common practice of coating it with oil and trying to rub it off may make it worse.

Like other skin conditions in children a problem with conversion of essential fatty acids may have a role in cradle cap. One of these essential fatty acids, linoleic acid, may not be converted to gamma linoleic acid (GLA), because of an enzyme deficiency. GLA is important for healthy skin function. There is some evidence that suggests a temporary deficiency of this enzyme is associated with cradle cap in infants (Tollesson, 1993a). Supplementing babies with GLA is an important part of their treatment. GLA is available in the supplemental forms of borage oil or evening primrose oil. Applying borage oil directly to the scalp can also be beneficial (Tollesson 1993b).

Other external applications may help. In a study of patients with seborrheic dermatitis an extract of aloe vera applied to the scalp proved effective in relief of symptoms in 62 percent of the treatment group compared to improvement in only 25 percent of the control group using a placebo cream (Vardy, 1999).

For breastfed babies you can try also try eliminating foods from your diet that may have a role in allergic reactions as well. One study found an improvement in infants' cradle cap when their mothers eliminated allergenic foods (especially milk, wheat, and eggs) from their diets (Eppig, 1971).


Cradle cap is associated with a biotin deficiency.  The breastfeeding mom can increase biotin supplementation.



Baby Calming - Happiest Baby on the Block





How to keep babies calm, happy, and emotionally healthy (2015)



What do people think about the Karp book/video - "Happiest Baby on the Block"?


If this is the one about "shh-ing" the baby by swaddling and rapid movements, Roberta Scaer (A Good Birth, A Safe Birth) has seen the video and thinks the babies aren't calming. They are shutting down in response to trauma the way they do after, say, circumcision. There is also a group for "shaken baby syndrome" that has extreme concern about his technique. Karp openly acknowledges their opposition and says that his technique poses no threat if the parents are gentle in their movements.


I find the "shushing" too loud and too harsh, especially for just-born babies who may still have a little bit of headache from the birth!


I'll admit I have mixed feelings about Karp's recommendations, mostly because I sometimes see them implemented in an overly enthusiastic, almost aggressive manner.  And because some parents try these techniques on a just-born baby, whose discomfort may be a "birth hangover" and who will be caused further pain by very active movement.

AND . . . the API just came out with a positive review.

AND . . . I just had a seven-month visit with parents who have been doing this from the start, and their baby sure seems like the happiest baby on the block, not like one who's been continually shut down.

I don't know much about Roberta Scaer's qualifications, other than her excellent book.  Is she a specialist in perinatal psychology?  Does anyone know what APPPAH thinks about all this?  I just searched their web pages and didn't find anything about Karp; I'll check with a specialist friend and see what she knows about this.


This book is frequently discussed in my mom/baby groups.  As with ALL parenting options, a little common sense goes a long way.  My biggest gripe with the techniques is the frequent use of a pacifier - often before parents are SURE b/f is going well 1st.  Other than that, I have never seen a "jiggle" hard enough to put me in fear of "shaken baby syndrome" for the baby of anyone using this technique.  I also like that the parents are a part of the solution, as opposed to the "cry it out" methods of Ezzo, etc etc etc, in which parents remove themselves from the picture and hope to goodness they all live through the "cure."



GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux



See also: Gut Flora and Colic



The Great Baby Reflux Epidemic (or not….) - excellent article that can help you to know whether your baby really needs drugs and offers some drug-free treatments.



Treating Reflux in Babies with Diet by Michael Greger M.D. FACLM  [4/1/19] -  Treating the cause of infant reflux with maternal cow’s milk elimination.



Why You Should Avoid Reflux Meds For Your Baby – And How To Do It [4/13/15] by Judy Converse MPH RD LD - " . . . the longer reflux medicines are used, the weaker a child’s digestion becomes."



Silent reflux is common in infants because their sphincters are undeveloped, they have a shorter esophagus, and they lie down much of the time.  Jeanne Batacan provides a nice handout that shows breastfeeding positions that can reduce reflux.  It may be important to angle the baby's sleeping position, too.



The recent pediatric study every pregnant and new mom should know about [5/10/14] - By 1 month of age, crying time was measured at 96 minutes per day for the placebo group and 45 minutes per day for the probiotic group (51 minutes difference!).

Treating Reflux (GERD) in Infants from Randall Neustaedter OMD


The Tucker Sling is an infant positioning system for babies who suffer from any of the following conditions: Acid Reflux Disease, Post Surgery, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Sinus/Ear Infections, Pulmonary


Reflux is known as a symptom of posterior tongue tie.  If there are any other “unexplained health/ breastfeeding problem, I would explore this possibility.  He was a horrible sleeper as well, FWIW.


I get so skeptical with the rampant diagnosis of "reflux" in infants (not to say it does not exist).  In the families I have done breastfeeding consults with - who had babies diagnosed with reflux - every mother was breastfeeding her baby in a horizontal position using a breastfeeding pillow.

When they started positioning the baby either prone (laid-back breastfeeding) and/or at a 45 degree angle (more of a sitting position) the "reflux" symptoms magically disappeared within about about 48 hours.


From a local chiropractor / naturopath:

In a word: Probiotics! 

Particularly, at 2 months old, they need some types of the Bifidobacterium strain.  The simplest solution would likely be for them to be started on Jarrow Formula Baby Jarro-Dophilus +FOS.  Dose: ¼ tsp in each of their formula once a day. 

 The Zantac is not a good idea at all!  This H2 histamine blocker decreases production of the stomach$Bs (Bhydrochloric acid (HCL).  HCL is particularly necessary for digestion of B-vitamins (including folate) and proteins, as well as other nutrients, and for proper preliminary digestion and absorption processes throughout the GI tract.  In a developing child, it is a very bad idea to interfere with the body$Bs (Bproduction of HCL.  In particular,  HCL impairment is associated with higher levels of the pathogen Clostridium histolyticum , an associated factor in Autism.   Some recent research articles point to significant long-term damage done by these drugs on the functioning of the GI tract in adults, and in children.

Some of my scientific-referenced articles can be accessed on this topic in my blog.  Also in the $(Car(Bticles$(D (B section, see the $(Cne(Bwsletter archives for additional peer-reviewed referenced articles.  These can be found through my website homepage if you$Bd (Blike to look through the many articles and information from my homepage (www.HolisticHealthBayArea.com).

Those particularly related to the topic at hand can be accessed at the links below:

holistichealthbayarea.com/blog/autism-asd-and-gi-problems-part-1/

archive.constantcontact.com/fs095/1101475329247/archive/1101895259294.html


holistichealthbayarea.com/blog/low-stomach-acid-the-underlying-cause-of-common-digestive-problems/

holistichealthbayarea.com/blog/treatment-for-gi-problems-chronic-fatigue-frequent-colds-and-infections-probiotics-and-other-microbes/

holistichealthbayarea.com/blog/cause-and-treatment-for-gerd-acid-stomach-food-allergies-infections/


GER: WHAT IT IS; WHAT TO DO; FAQ's from Dr. Sears


Infant acid reflux from the Mayo Clinic


Ask if she is using a "nursing pillow".  Often the baby ends up feeding in a horizontal position, and as the article notes, baby's head should be above the feet.  In my classes I suggest mothers try and keep baby in about a 45 degree angle - and with biological positioning, the baby is automatically in a good position. Frequent feedings and skin to skin was also suggested and is also part of biological nurturing practices.


The PEP Reflux Reducer (from Physician Engineered Products) holds baby in the recommended 30 degree    head-up/face down position after meals.  As I like to say . . . no shortage of creativity!



One of my very astute moms noticed that when she was around 4-6 months postpartum, dairy would cause her babies to spit up more.

Much of the information on my Colic article (from HerbLore) is also applicable to reflux.  Many of my clients have gotten really great results with the recommendations listed within the article, as well as our Tummy Tea or Tincture.

Keep in mind that the medications used to lower stomach acid are just a band-aid.  We need stomach acid to help with proper digestion and absorption of the vitamins and minerals present in food.  Without it (or when taking medications to reduce this acid), we're not getting the nutrients from our food like we should.  This is why it's commonly suggested for people on these medications to take a multi-vitamin supplement every day.

Mint (all kinds of mint) are known to relax the sphincter that closes off the stomach from the esophagus, allowing the stomach acid to escape upwards causing reflux.  So I would suggest to this mom to eliminate all mint from her diet along with the suggestions to keep her babe propped up as much as she can.  And then sometimes, they just have to outgrow it.  Hopefully some of the suggestions will help though.



Sometimes it's the formula that causes GERD. Some people report getting relief from HerbLore's Tummy Tincture. They can add the drops directly into the bottle of formula, or if the baby is in a cute distress, give the drops directly.

I had a baby with a good deal of reflux, sometimes projectile.  It didn't bother her at all, except that she would then be hungry again real soon after losing her milk w/in minutes of drinking it!  I became VERY CAREFUL about burping her after feedings:

first, burp the baby more often than usual--even before s/he is finished on one side.

second, burp the baby VERY GENTLY: for my daughter, all I would do is sit her up, with one hand on back and one in front, trying to keep her back straight without putting too much pressure on her gut (weight more on chest and chin).  I never patted her back to make the bubble rise, would just wait patiently for a minute or two, keeping her still and me relaxed.  She always burped gently but thoroughly in this position.

Once we got the hang of this, she pretty much stopped vomiting...and by the time she was a few months old, she stopped being so sensitive to bubbles in her tummy. It did make night nursing a bit more hassle; couldn't just nurse and roll over back to sleep.  Had to wake up enough to sit up to nurse, and then do the burping right, tho this was preferable to sleeping in the milk all over me and the sheets (as if my perpetual leaking wasn't wet enough).  And like I said, it worked itself out soon, and this girl is now 26 with never a digestive problem since. I think of this issue as part of some baby's development--not exactly a real valve issue, just stomach mechanics that are still learning how to do what they do.


We had a mom who went to a kinesiologist/chiropractor for something similar and the mom was diagnosed with food allergies. The baby  wasn't allergic, but the mom mal-processed the (in this case) wheat  which made her breastmilk irritating to her baby. Once she eliminated the allergen from her diet, her baby calmed down, ate well, and eliminated all other signs of reflux like the arching back and  dislike of sitting up.


I have DGST by Chirozyme (available from Chiropractors) or Therazyme from health food stores.  Same product.  Vegi based enzymes one capsule 2-3 times a day mixed with water.  Use an eye dropper or medicine baby spoon. Usually will not need after 6 weeks.  I have great results with this product.


One of my clients had a Russian mother-in-law who showed us this trick to resolve baby vomiting: she did this little trick that amounted to a gentle downward dip several times after each feeding - it stopped the vomiting flat.  Might be worth a try.


We were always taught as long as the baby is gaining weight and does not seem uncomfortable then leave it alone, just keep baby upright after meals for an hour or so and make sure to burp well. It is simply an immature sphincter and should improve as the baby gets older.



My daughter who is 2 1/2 months old was diagnosed with acid reflux. The doctor prescribed ranitidine. She has not eaten much in the last several days and we decided to go ahead and give her the med to help her to eat to prevent dehydration. As soon as she gets better, I would love to get her off of this Rx and use something natural to prevent acid reflux. Is there natural remedy avail in terms of something she can ingest or via breastmilk?


Unfortunately not. The medication is quite well researched in infants and I am very impressed that your pediatrician actually prescribed it and not told you to try formula. Babies tend to overgrow it in a couple of months.


My son was on this medication from 5 weeks old and it helped a lot. Unfortunately as much as this medication was helping during the day he had a hard time at night.  Our dr suggested to try giving him formula for colic at night to help him. It was day and night. No more crying at night that he is hungry but unable to eat. As for the medication for Acid Reflux we stopped around 10 weeks as he was outgrowing and eating just fine.

We used Similac Alimentum. Its smells very bad but within 24 hrs he was a different baby. Since I wanted to BF him I kept on bf him during the day and offered formula in the evening around 6pm and two feedings at night, during the day I only bf. It never bothered him during the day but when the clock hit 6pm it was nonstop crying. As he was getting older around 2.5m I started supplementing and doing half and half. He was getting older, eating more and I did not have as much milk. He is 4m now and I am finishing up my last 2 weeks of supply of my milk and will be doing formula only (not much time to pump at work). We decided to stay with Alimentum until 6m and do transition to Similac Sensitive at that time.
 
I did try for a month to cut out dairy, soy and nuts in my diet. It did not help him much with colic - so our last solution was formula. Poor guy would cry from 6pm to about 3am. Sleep for about 30min and start crying. We tried gripe water, coliccalm and they all helped but only for a short period of time.
 
Very glad those days are behind us.

Infant Massage



Understanding Infant Massage



Self-Calming



One of my clients reported that her children held their upper ear when stressed or sleeping.  This may be a self-calming acupressure technique that you can teach your baby.



Colic



This subsection has been moved to its own page: Colic



Baby Dental Care and Prevention




Mom's Gum Chewing Can Help Baby's Teeth

Xylitol - Reducing Cavities

The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) recognizes the benefits of xylitol on the oral health of infants, children, adolescents, and persons with special health care needs.

The use of XYLITOL GUM by mothers (2-3 times per day) starting 3 months after delivery and until the child was 2 years old, has proven to reduce cavities up to 70% by the time the child was 5 years old.

Studies using xylitol as either a sugar substitute or a small dietary addition have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in new tooth decay, along with some reversal of existing dental caries. Xylitol provides additional protection that enhances all existing prevention methods. This xylitol effect is long-lasting and possibly permanent. Low decay rates persist even years after the trials have been completed.

Xylitol is widely distributed throughout nature in small amounts. Some of the best sources are fruits, berries, mushrooms, lettuce, hardwoods, and corn cobs. One cup of raspberries contains less than one gram of xylitol.

Studies suggest xylitol intake that consistently produces positive results ranged from 4-20 grams per day, divided into 3-7 consumption periods. Higher results did not result in greater reduction and may lead to diminishing results.  Similarly, consumption frequency of less than 3 times per day showed no effect.

To find gum or other products containing xylitol, try visiting your local health food store or search the Internet to find products containing 100% xylitol. 

Dr. Yazdi's web pages cover a variety of topics, including Early Infant Oral Care.



Natural Infant Hygiene aka Elimination Communication




Babies without Diapers
- a meta collection


Diapers Hinder Walking for Babies - [1/23/13] A new study finds that diapers, both disposable and cloth, impede walking for babies


Go naked: diapers affect infant walking.
Cole WG, Lingeman JM, Adolph KE.
Dev Sci. 2012 Nov;15(6):783-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01169.x. Epub 2012 Sep 7.Source

In light of cross-cultural and experimental research highlighting effects of childrearing practices on infant motor skill, we asked whether wearing diapers, a seemingly innocuous childrearing practice, affects infant walking. Diapers introduce bulk between the legs, potentially exacerbating infants' poor balance and wide stance. We show that walking is adversely affected by old-fashioned cloth diapers, and that even modern disposable diapers - habitually worn by most infants in the sample - incur a cost relative to walking naked. Infants displayed less mature gait patterns and more missteps and falls while wearing diapers. Thus, infants' own diapers constitute an ongoing biomechanical perturbation while learning to walk. Furthermore, shifts in diapering practices may have contributed to historical and cross-cultural differences in infant walking.



Elimination communication revives how humans evolved caring for their newborns without diapers. - By TINA KELLEY, 10/9/05, NYTimes
Most important, they say, is an increased emotional bond with the baby, forged by the need for the parent to pick up on subtle signs and act on them quickly. Proponents of the practice use the phrase "elimination communication."

"It is enhancing that interaction and closeness, the intimacy between baby and mother," said Thomas Ball, a psychologist in California who is helping develop a documentary about the technique.

T. Berry Brazelton: "I'm all for it, except I don't think many people can do it," he said of elimination communication. "The thing that bothers me about it is today, probably 80 percent of women don't have that kind of availability."   [Ed.: Yes, this is the crux of the matter.  Parents do not have the time to take proper care of their children; instead, they leave them sitting in their own excrement, the very thing many people most fear about growing old and living untended in a nursing home.]

The American Academy of Pediatrics, in its current "Toilet Training" pamphlet, says children have no control over bladder or bowel movements when they are younger than a year and little control for six months afterwards.  [Ed.: I've had a number of parents tell me that their babies would cry until they were taken to the diaper changing table, which was the closest they could come to "the correct place" to eliminate.  This shows a significant control over bladder and bowel function.  This statement about lack of control may be true of babies who were drugged at birth and so still under narcotic influence for the first few weeks of their lives as their immature livers process out the toxins.]

Dr. Mark Wolraich, author of the academy''s Guide to Toilet Training: "The risk is, if it's not working and the parents are frustrated, they're creating more negative interactions with their child." [Ed.: This is true of ALL parent-child interactions, including breastfeeding, bottle feeding, diapering and even playing.]



DIAPER FREE! The Gentle Wisdom of Natural Infant Hygiene by Ingrid Bauer - she's the author of my favorite EC book.

DiaperFreeBaby is a network of free support groups promoting a natural approach of responding to babies' elimination needs.


My Journey to Elimination Communication - Hannah tells the story of her "late start" with ds and EC'ing her second since birth.


Mothering, Mindfulness and a Baby’s Bottom by Sarah J Buckley, MD. May 2001



Trickle Treat by Laurie Boucke - this is a surprisingly comprehensive book on the subject, providing lots of information and some really helpful personal narratives.


Infant Potty Training and Attachment Parenting
- KellyMom is always great!


I am completely overcome with awe and admiration and hope at what I've read about Elimination Communication.  I was first introduced to the concept while reading The Magical Child by Joseph Chilton Pearce, but I assumed this was something that could happen only in another place or another time.  Now I've had the good fortune of being introduced to the reality of EC here and now.

I am just blown away.  I am agog.  I feel like a blithering idiot.

When I first read about EC in The Magical Child, I interpreted the communication as a sort of psychic phenomenon, as I do believe that mothers and babies share a richer communication channel than most human beings.  Then, after hearing about EC earlier in the evening, I spent some time poking around the web and came across the Go Organic, Baby! site and the Elimination Communication Station:

Whoa!  Reality Check!  Is a mother's ability to know when her baby is hungry a psychic phenomenon?  I feel like such an idiot for having been so blind all these years.  I am so overwhelmed with the beauty and sensitivity of the above web page in particular (I haven't had a chance to read the rest, yet).  I feel so blessed to have had my eyes opened today.

P.S.  I'm copying this to Mothering Magazine - I would love to see them do a short piece on the subject.  Maybe other folks on this list would want to drop them a line, too?


Many of us have gone through the same experience of having felt blind for not seeing baby's signals all these years. I only discovered this method in time to use with my third child.

About  Mothering Magazine - For 10-15 years, Mothering has rejected this method, each time with a different excuse. Let's hope they have a change of heart. As far as I know, the hostess of this site (who also set up the other one you visited) may be the only one yet to have managed to get this topic mentioned in Mothering -- via a Letter to the editor.


I believe this whole diaperless thing is just one small step to making a Whole person.


I can't say how much I agree with this - the experience of a totally naked baby is VERY different for the baby and the parents.  A diaper basically anesthetizes the child's genitals and butt - they're not touched, they feel uncomfortable in a wet diaper, they're cut off.  And parents treat the diapered baby as if the genitals are not sensitive areas (holding baby straddled over arm etc.) without the baby getting any normal casual touch on butt or belly either.

Another issue is little boys with intact foreskins.  My son could retract his foreskin by 25 mos or so - really early for an american boy.  He won't have problems with adhesions or retraction - and this is because he could GET TO his penis when ever he wanted (which of course is often LOL).  I have read so many stories of mothers with intact boys whose foreskins are partially adhered and causing urine to spray embarrassingly, or erections to be uncomfortable....and since western dr's know zip about the intact penis, of course they recommend CUTTING THE FORESKIN OFF.



Other Miscellaneous Newborn



Introducing Baby to Pets

Adding A New Baby To The Pet Household from Cyber-Pet

Friends for life....new babies and pets DO mix !

 Introducing Your Pet and New Baby from the Humane Society



The UK has some nice guidelines about treating flathead / flat head syndrome (plagiocephaly and brachycephaly), which can also be used to prevent it.


Newborn Fingernails

My preceptor taught parents to trim the nails by biting them; a lot of the parents felt this was safer and less traumatic to the baby than using a nail clippers.

Some of my clients introduced me to the use of a fingernail smoothing block, available at beauty supply stores.  They said sometimes they used it along the ridge of the nails and sometimes they used it across the nail, depending on which seemed to work better in the moment.


Baby Breasts

3 week old girl with breasts.  Not just enlarged nipples like you see at birth, but little breasts.  they were about 1 1/2 inches wide each, and movable on palpation. it looked like she had little breast implants.  It had to have developed in the last 10 days.  Have any of you seen this?

I have seen it. Breasts got pretty dang big, peaked out at about three weeks or so and were pretty much gone by 6 weeks.


Neonatology Teaching Files, Outlines, and Guidelines from neonatology.org



Why Swaddle with Muslin from Aden and Anais, who make beautiful muslin swaddling cloths.




 

#include "trailer.incl"